![]() The earliest records of Ethiopia appear in Ancient Egypt, during the Old Kingdom period.Egyptian traders from about 3000 BC refer to lands south of Nubia or Kush as Punt and Yam.The Ancient Egyptians were in possession of myrrh (found in Punt), which Richard Pankhurst interprets to indicate trade between the two countries was extant from Ancient Egypt's beginnings. Eritrea regained its independence after a referendum in 1993. Ethiopia and Eritrea united in a federation, but when Haile Selassie ended the federation in 1961 and made Eritrea a province of Ethiopia, the 30-year Eritrean War of Independence broke out. A joint force of British and Ethiopian rebels managed to drive the Italians out of the country in 1941, and Haile Selassie was returned to the throne. From 1935-1941, Ethiopia was under Italian occupation. Italy launched a second invasion in 1935. A more rapid modernisation took place under Menelik II and Haile Selassie. Ethiopia defeated an Italian invasion in 1896 and came to be recognised as a legitimate state by European powers. Ethiopia also expanded to the south and east, through the conquest of the western Oromo (now Shoan Oromo), Sidama, Gurage, Wolayta and other groups, resulting in the borders of modern Ethiopia. Under Menelik II Ethiopia started its transformation to well organized technological advancement and the structure that the country has now. Ethiopia was reunified in 1855 under Tewodros II, beginning Ethiopia's modern history and his reign was followed by Yohannes IV who was killed in action in 1889. ![]()
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